Bekaa Valley

Geographically speaking, the fertile Bekaa Valley is a high plateau between the Anti-Lebanon and Mt Lebanon ranges. Historically, it served as a corridor linking the Phoenician coast with the interior and is now noted for its several fine archaeological sites (including Baalbek). The valley is also known for being the home to several excellent Lebanese vineyards, and on the Birdwani River in the regional capital of Zahle, for the excellence of its mezze.

One or two sites listed below could be combined with Baalbek on a day excursion from Beirut. One of the more popular visits in the Bekaa Valley is to the Ksara vineyard, Lebanon’s oldest and most famous winery. Founded in 1857 by the Jesuit Fathers, the grape vines have flourished ever since. A unique feature of the estate is its extensive underground cave complex where the wines mature. The caves were discovered in Roman times and maintain a perfect year-round temperature that never deviates above 13°C or below 11°C.

The archaeological remains at Aanjar have been given World Heritage status by UNESCO and date to the 8th century AD. The Umayyad Caliphs of Damascus built the town, and it was once a significant emporium with more than 600 shops. This site is unique because it was occupied for a very short period and thus provides a unique snapshot of life in the 8th century. The small village of Niha holds the remains of two Roman temples – one has been restored and has a complete cella wall and frontal columned portico. Next door is a ruined temple of Phoenician origin dedicated to Hadaranes, god of the oranges, and to the goddess-mother Atargatis, goddess of the waters and of springs.

The curious Hermel Pyramid is located at the northern end of the valley. Standing at 27 metres, the monument dates to classical times, though its function is unknown. Theories range from it having been erected in memory of a Syrian prince to it being a boundary stone marking the limits of the principality of Emessa (Homs).